Allego un articolo che ho ricevuto, contenente alcune riflessioni sulle recenti
politiche di abbonamento alle riviste ed ai consorzi di biblioteche.
Giuseppe Buttazzo
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Bundling and Consortia Purchasing of Journals: some background material
Wednesday, June 26 2002 @ 06:24 PM PDT
by Michael Doob, Department of Mathematics, University of Manitoba
The past few years have seen most major mathematical journals move
toward web-based publication; free access to the abstracts and
subscription-based access to the articles themselves have become the
norm. In some cases, first-rate journals are available at no cost to
the viewer [1]. While many of these journals ([2] for example) are
web-based only, most are still published concurrently in a printed
version.
There are substantial advantages in moving to web-based publication.
For the publisher, the costs of printing, binding and mailing, always
substantial, can be greatly reduced. For the library, the material is
acquired over the net without the delays of mailing, and the journals
never need to be sent out for binding (if funds are still actually
available for such things). For the reader, the material is available
on a 24/7 basis from the convenience of the desktop. All of these
reasons enhance the desirablity and ensure the future of web-based
publishing. It is clear that the days of going to the library and
skimming through printed journals are numbered if not already gone.
This model of delivery clearly is now changing in a very fundamental
way from the mailing of a physical journal with paper and ink to the
accessing of files of data stored somewhere on the net. Access, then,
becomes the commodity. This concept was first implemented by American
Mathematical Society for electronic access to Mathematical Reviews; it
is now so ingrained that it would be hard to imagine any mathematician
wanting to return to the former process of tracing mathematical sources
using the big orange volumes in the library, and MathSciNet is now
almost invaluable. The change of the delivery model will have many
important implications.
One consequence of this is that the marginal expense of giving new
customers access to the database of journals is minimal. The idea of
bundling a package of journals is a natural further consequence. The
first major institution to start purchasing journals in bundles was
apparently the University of California; they have bought bundles of
journals for every campus in their system, and while doing so have
spent over million over the past several years [3]. The process has
continued in the same way for other universities. In Canada, all of the
major universities in the country formed one grand consortium [4].
At first blush this would seem to be a win-win situation for all
involved. For the publisher, many more journals are subscribed to, and
the less profitable ones (perhaps mathematical) can be subsidized by
the more profitable ones (perhaps medical). For the librarians, the
number of journals available becomes much larger with very little extra
effort. For the university administrator, more journals are obtained at
a lower average cost per journal. For the reader, especially at smaller
institutions, many more articles are just a mouse click away. But watch
out!
These changes also bring some negative consequences for the
mathematical community:
1. Only the largest publishers are capable of bundling more than a
thousand journals; this means that that independently published smaller
journals will have to be paid for with whatever money is left over
after the bundles are purchased. On their own, smaller journal will
never get the attention that the large publishers do. Will there be
room for the smaller journals? The history of the past two decade bodes
ill.
2. Libraries will become homogeneous; the typical method of coping
with reduced library budgets in recent years has been for the
librarians to ask the local mathematicians which journals they could do
without (the slit your own throat method). Specialized workgroups have
been able to keep the particular journals they need. In cities with
more than one university, it has been possible with just a little
coordination to keep most journals at some local institution. If that
failed, interlibrary loans have been available. All this may come to an
end.
3. The costs of these bundles can be enormous. As a consequence,
deciding which journals to purchase moves from the librarians to higher
administrative authorities. A vice president of research generally will
not have the same contact with local mathematicians as the librarians.
Indeed, in California the expenditures were decided in the state
legislature [3]. Once a subscription to a bundle of journals has been
started (with all the appropriate fanfare), will the funding continue?
If so, from whose budget?
4. Learned societies often rely on journal income to carry out a
myriad of useful activities. If the bundling of journals removes their
income, what will replace it? Perhaps these societies will simply
disappear or turn into a shadow of their present structures.
The method of access to journals is obviously in flux at the moment.
Due attention must be paid by the mathematical community to ensure a
future for all journals, large and small.
References
[1] www.emis.de/journals gives access to 55 journals.
[2] www.combinatorics.org is an example of a first-rate journal
available only on the web.
[3] www.cdlib.org/about/faq
[4] www.uottawa.ca/library/cnslp
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